Leaching is a process widely used in extractive metallurgy where ore is treated with chemicals to convert the valuable metals within into soluble salts while the impurity remains insoluble. ... Alkali leaching ( bauxite ore) Acid leaching ( sulfide ore) Chemistry. Leaching is done in long pressure vessels which are cylindrical ...
The ideal conditions for the leaching process was determined through response surface methodology (RSM) to be H3PO4 concentration of mol/L, L/S ratio of 11 mL/g and leaching temperature of 40 ...
At the same time, as a secondary resource, its aluminum content can reach 50%, which is close to that of mediumgrade bauxite; thus, it can be used as a substitute for bauxite resources. We propose a new method for extracting aluminum from fly ash via leaching. By designing the thermal reaction system of the molten brine, highpurity hydroxyl ...
The acid leaching reactions of the bauxite would be thermodynamically easy and completed. Under the conditions that ore granularity is less than −55 μm, the L/S ratio is 100:7, and the leaching temperature is 373383 K, the leaching time is 120 min and the concentration of HCl is 10%, both the leaching rates of Al and Fe are over 95%.
The study showed the change in the limiting stage of the alkaline leaching process after water treatment, with the activation energy growing from to kJ/mol.
Acid leaching. In order to recover scandium and other rare earth metals, red mud is often dissolved by leaching with acids. The investigations on acid leaching of scandium from bauxite residue were extensively carried out [51, 53, 78, 8993].Zhang et al. [] used HCl for leaching of scandium from red mud, and the optimum leaching condition was determined as HCl concentration of 6 mol·L ...
DOI: /materproc Corpus ID: ; The Efficient Use of Sulfuric Acid in Bauxite Residue Leaching article{Toli2023TheEU, title={The Efficient Use of Sulfuric Acid in Bauxite Residue Leaching}, author={Aikaterini Toli and Dimis Kotsanis and Maria Psoma and Danai Marinos and Panagiotis Davris and Efthymios Balomenos and Dimis Panias}, journal={RawMat 2023}, year ...
Bauxite mine tailings can be used as the reserve resources of aluminium and lithium. In this study, a less energy consumption treatment method for extracting aluminium and lithium from bauxite mine tailings has been proposed, which used mixed acid to leach aluminium and lithium from tailings directly, avoided roasting for reducing energy consumption, and obtained effective minerals ...
Brazil is the third largest country in the world in bauxite resources and production [1, 2].This ore is the raw material for alumina production through the Bayer process, where sodium hydroxide is used as leaching agent, which enables the selective leaching of alumina.
In the process of recovering valuable elements from bauxite residue, the acid leaching process method is mainly used at present, which includes hydrochloric acid leaching, sulfuric acid leaching, nitric acid leaching, etc. Nitric acid is highly corrosive and cannot be connected with the medium of the subsequent extraction process, so most of them use hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid leaching.
Bayer process solution, in which a bauxite is subsequently leach ed for alumina extraction, and an alkaline solution with a concentration of 400 g L 1 Na 2 O, to c arry out similar investigations.
Red mud (RM), also known as bauxite residue, is an alkaline solid waste byproduct derived in the extraction process of alumina from bauxite ore. With increasing demands for alumina, the global reserves of RM have reached billion tons in 2018, and it is estimated that an annual increase was approximately 200 million tons [1].
The Bayer process is used worldwide for the alumina production. This process involves the alkaline leaching of bauxite to extract Al, followed by the precipitation of Al(OH) 3 to recycle the solution [1,2,3].The leaching process results in the formation of a solid residue, commonly referred to as a bauxite residue, which consists of iron minerals, hydrous aluminosilicates, which are formed ...
The leaching process with dilute HNO 3 was performed at pilot scale and optimized for the extraction of scandium from bauxite residue (OchsenkühnPetropoulou et al., 2002). Xue et al. (2010) found that at a reaction temperature of 90 °C and an L/S ratio of 3:1, over 80% of the scandium in bauxite residue could be leached by H 2 SO 4 .
Bauxite residue, known as red mud, is a byproduct of alumina production using the Bayer process. Currently, its total global storage amounts to over billion tons, including about 600 million ...
The separation of iron and aluminum in highiron bauxite has been a field of interest for quite a while. For example, in the early studies of iron removal from bauxite, acid leaching [9,10,11] and biological leaching [12,13] were applied. In the process of acid leaching, hematite can be removed by acid dissolution.
A closedloop valorization process, combining carbothermic smelting and acid baking water leaching was developed to recover scandium, aluminum, and iron from bauxite residue, a major side product of aluminum production. This process employs carbothermic smelting to recover 99% of the iron in the starting residue as crude metallic iron, which can be separated from slag that contains ...
The separation of the alumina from the impurities in the bauxite ore is usually accomplished by the Bayer Process. In this process the ground bauxite is leached with caustic soda (NaOH) to produce soluble sodium aluminate (NaAlO2), leaving the impurities in the insoluble residue. The aluminate solution is then decomposed producing Al (OH)3 ...
Primary aluminum production is achieved by the combination of two metallurgical processes: (a) the Bayer process, which refines bauxite to metallurgicalgrade alumina (MGAl 2 O 3), and (b) the HallHéroult process, which produces aluminum metal by electrolytically reducing MGAl 2 O 3 in a cryolite bath. Increasing the sustainability of both these processes and of the entire primary ...
The calcification‑carbonation method is a novel technology recovering Na 2 O and Al 2 O 3 from bauxite residue through mineral transformation, which realizes the harmless treatment of bauxite residue simultaneously. It is mainly realized by two key transformation steps such as calcification transformation and carbonation transformation of the slag phase, and multiple wet process series steps.
The research on pressure leaching started in 1887. Karl Josef Bayer was the first one who proposed to leaching bauxite with sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 413453 K to obtain sodium ...
The circulation liquid and lime (75% active CaO) for Bayer leaching were obtained from Guizhou, China. Methods. Three different AlFe recovery processes can be found in Fig. shown in Fig. 2, the LRS process means that the bauxite is firstly subjected to Bayer leaching, followed by magnetic roasting of red mud, and then, the roasted red mud would be magnetically separated for ...
The HCl leaching studies of bauxite indicated that as the concentration of HCl acid increases, the iron content reduces substantially, but at the same time, loss of alumina takes place. The change in bauxite colour from reddish brown to light colour indicated leaching of ore. ... In order to minimize the input material for the leaching process ...
Because the water leaching process does not consume additional reagents, it is economical. Still, this process is timeconsuming because longterm leaching and repeated dealkalization are necessary for the water leaching process. ... Red mud which is a byproduct from Bauxite ores process has a strong alkali component contg. % of Na2O ...
The process of extracting aluminum from bauxite involves crushing and refining the mineral to produce alumina, which is then used to produce aluminum metal. ... Leaching: This process involves the removal of minerals from rocks through the action of water. In the case of bauxite formation, silica and other minerals are leached out of the rock ...
1. Introduction. Red mud (RM) is a waste generated during bauxite processing for alumina production. The most common method for bauxite processing is the Bayer process, where raw material is digested under high pressure by NaOH to obtain a pregnant sodium aluminate solution [].During highpressure leaching, nonsoluble elements such as iron, titanium, and refractory or precipitated during ...
The Bayer process is the main method of alumina production worldwide. The use of lowquality bauxites for alumina production results in the formation of a significant amount of technogenic waste—bauxite residue (BR). The Bayer reductive method is one possible way to eliminate BR stockpiling, but it requires highpressure leaching at temperatures higher than 220 °C.
Bauxite residue (BR) is a hazardous industrial waste and also becomes an important reserve of rare earth elements (REE). An elegant process for achieving separation of REEs against silica from an ironremoved BR was established in this paper through selective leaching of silica with simultaneous enrichment of REEs.
The Bayer process is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide) and was developed by Carl Josef, the most important ore of aluminium, contains only 3060% aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3), the rest being a mixture of silica, various iron oxides, and titanium dioxide. The aluminium oxide must be further purified before it can be refined ...
In the leaching method, bauxite ore is digested with a concentrated solution of N a O H that produces X. When C O 2 gas is passed through the aqueous solution of X, a hydrated compound Y is precipitated. X and Y are N a [A l (O H) 4 ] and A l 2 O 3 ⋅ x H 2 O respectively.
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